Kas failisüsteem on lihtsalt hulk katalooge? (Failisüsteemid on selgitatud)

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Kas failisüsteem on lihtsalt hulk katalooge? (Failisüsteemid on selgitatud)
Kas failisüsteem on lihtsalt hulk katalooge? (Failisüsteemid on selgitatud)

Video: Kas failisüsteem on lihtsalt hulk katalooge? (Failisüsteemid on selgitatud)

Video: Kas failisüsteem on lihtsalt hulk katalooge? (Failisüsteemid on selgitatud)
Video: Tourist Trophy : Closer To The Edge - Full Documentary TT3D (Subtitles Available !!) - YouTube 2024, Aprill
Anonim
Operatsioonisüsteemi failisüsteem võib pinnale lihtsalt välja nägema suure kaustade hulgana, kuid kindlasti on sellel ka rohkem. Loe edasi, kui uurime, mis on failisüsteemi pinna all.
Operatsioonisüsteemi failisüsteem võib pinnale lihtsalt välja nägema suure kaustade hulgana, kuid kindlasti on sellel ka rohkem. Loe edasi, kui uurime, mis on failisüsteemi pinna all.

Tänane küsimuste ja vastuste seanss jõuab meile viisakalt SuperUserini - Stack Exchange'i ja kogukonnapõhiste Q & A veebisaitide rühmitusse.

Küsimus

SuperUser lugeja P_Q on uudishimulik failisüsteemide kohta, ütleb ta:

I have used Windows since childhood, and when I hear the phrase “Windows files system” I think of directories (folders) within directories, a folder called SYSTEM, a folder called PROGRAM FILES, etc. Is this what the system is? Just the layout of the folders?

And then I recently started using Linux, and my reference book says in the Linux filesystem everything starts at root and branches off from there. How is that really different from Windows? I mean, it seems the Linux system and the Windows system are just two ways of setting up a directory tree. Is this what file system means?

Kas see lihtne võtta failisüsteemi kõige täpsem viis seda kirjeldada? Lähme veidi sügavamale.

Vastus

SuperUseri kaastöötaja Tom Wijsman pakub põhjalikku ülevaadet failisüsteemide struktuurist nii Windowsi kui ka Linuxi operatsioonisüsteemides. Ta kirjutab:

Just the layout of the folders?

Sounds too good to be true…

Let’s take the FAT32 file system as an example. I can install Windows XP on it, but I can also use it on a memory card. On a memory card, you don’t have those folders that you sum up.

So… Don’t confuse the directory layout of a family of operating systems with a file system.

Is this what a file system means?

No… It refers to the underlying bits and bytes that make your directory structure work.

The underlying bits and bytes? Show me FAT32!

Let’s look at what FAT32 looks like, it has:

  • Some header sectors in the beginning, like Volume ID and Reserved Sectors
  • Two File Allocation Tables, allowing us to figure out where our files are.
  • Clusters containing all our directory and file data.
  • Some very small unused space that we can’t use.
A FAT table consists of a lot of entries that look like this, allowing us to determine where the directory or file is stored in the clusters space, as well as some attributes and size.
A FAT table consists of a lot of entries that look like this, allowing us to determine where the directory or file is stored in the clusters space, as well as some attributes and size.

A directory entry would point to a list of directory/file entries…

In the clusters space, we can now travel our clusters to find the data we need. A cluster essentially contains data and information where the next fragments are
In the clusters space, we can now travel our clusters to find the data we need. A cluster essentially contains data and information where the next fragments are
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Do other file systems differ? Show me NTFS!

I’m going to show you an image so you can notice the differences, the rest is homework for the reader: More information can be found on this blog archive or Google.

The main idea is that NTFS is a huge improvement over FAT32 that is more robust/efficient. Having a better idea of (un)used space by using a bitmap to further help against fragmentation. And so on…

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What about the file systems on Linux? Show me ext2/3!

The idea is that ext2/ext3 use super blocks and inodes; this allows for soft and hardlinks, directories that are files, files with multiple names and so on. The main gist is abstracting away to allow the file system to be capable of doing more meta-ish stuff…

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Failisüsteemide lugemiseks vaadake kindlasti järgmisi How-To Geeki artikleid:

  • HTG selgitab: Linuxi kataloogistruktuur on selgitatud
  • HTG selgitab: millist Linuxi failisüsteemi peaksite valima?
  • Mis failisüsteemi ma peaksin oma USB-draivile kasutama?

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